Supply chain
The flow of material, information, and services, from the manufacture of raw materials belonging to the supplier, the process of manufacturing, warehouse, to the finished material received by customers. A supply chain, consisting of organization and process of manufacture, delivery of products, information and services to customers.
Supply chain consists of several components, including:
Upstream, the site of procurement to an external vendor.
Internal, means for the packaging and manufacturing processes.
Downstream, the distribution of goods and services.
Flow in the supply chain, consisting of three streams, namely the flow of material, information and financial.
Tiers of Supplier, image above shows some tier of suppliers. The diagram illustrates that the supplier can have one or more sub-suppliers and sub-suppliers may also have its own sub-suppliers.
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Supply Chain Management
Supply chain management (SCM), is the planning, organization and optimization of the various activities undertaken in the supply chain. The purpose of the SCM system is to reduce the problems or disputes in the supply chain. These problems can lead to increased time, cost and inventory, as well as reducing customer satisfaction.
SCM is a kind of inter-organizational information systems (interorganizational information systems, abbreviated IOS). In iOS, the information flow between two or more organizations. SCM system using the push and pull models. Push model is a model of the make-to-stock, where the production process started from forecasting customer demand. The company then produces a number of products in accordance with forecast, after the sell / "push / push" products to customers. In the pull models, also known as the make-to-order, the production process begins with a request from the customer (customer orders). Thus, the company makes products / services as desired by the customer. This process is in line with mass customization.
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